KATHOPNISHAD CHAPTER 5 SHLOK 11

                                                          सूर्यो यथा सर्वलोकस्य चक्षुः

                                                          न लिप्यतेचाक्षुषैर्बाह्यदोषैः ।

                                                           एकस्तथा सर्वभूतान्तरात्मा

                                                       न लिप्यतेलोकदुःखेन बाह्यः ॥ 11

                                       SURYO TATHA  SARVLOKASYA  CHAKSHUR  

                                     NA LIPYATE  CHAKSHUSHYAR  BAHYDOSHIH |

                                      EKAS THATA  SARVABHUTA  ANTARATMA 

                                      NA LIPYATE  LOKA DUHYENA  BAHYAH ||11   

AS THE SUN -THE EYE OF THE WHOLE WORLD IS NOT COVERED (CONTAMINATED-

OBSCURED ) BY THE DEFECT OF THE EXTRENAL EYE, THE THE ATMAN WHICH IS

 INNERMOST ESSENCE OF ALL BEINGS, IS NOT AFFECTED BY THE SORROWS

                                                                OF THE WORLD||11

In this Shloka we are given some information on the ATMAN .The Yama is comparing the Atman to the Sun . The Sun provided light and life for the living beings on the Earth. We see things due to the light from the Sun. If there was no light from the Sun then we - in spite of having the EYE could not see . And at the same time the Sun is not affected weather we see things or not - if we have defective eye  and could not see clearly or could not see at all, the Sun light will continue to illuminate the earth. But if there is not Sunlight we could not see the moon and we could not see anything on the earth itself even though we have eyes. The life may not be there if there was no Sun. But here we are told that that the Atman is like the Sun. If the Atman is  not there we could not be alive  and we could not perceive anything. But like the the Sun is not affected by the defects of the external eye , the Atman is  not affected by the sorrows of the human beings. In the modern day we can take an example of the electricity. The electricity is needed to run a computer and ACA unit or a Heater or a light bulb or TV. But the out put from theses different things is not affecting electricity. In fact the out put of AC unit is entirely different than that of a heater -one cools the air the other heats the air in the room. So the electricity is not affected by the the function or effects of the things that it is providing energy. But the electricity is NEEDED for theses different things to function.  Similarly the Atman is needed for the function of living beings but it is not affected by their life - pleasure or sorrow etc.