यः पूर्वं तपसोजात-
मद्भ्यः पूर्वमजायत ।
गुहां प्रविश्य तिष्ठन्तं
योभूतेभिर्व्यपश्यत । एतद्वैतत् ॥ ६
YAH PURC TAPASOJATAM
ADBHYAH PURVAM AJAYAT|
GUHAM PRAVISHY TISHANTAM
YO BHUTERBHIR VYAPASYATA || ETAD VAI TAT ||
WHO IS BORN OF TAPAS- AUSTARITY -WAS THERE BEFORE WATERS
AND IT ENTERS THE CAVE (OF HEART) AND DWELLS THERE
(HE SEES THE BRAHMAN)THIS IS VERILY THAT
(YOU HAD ASKED ME)||6
In this Shlok the Lord of Death is telling Nachiket the answer to i question to some extent. He is telling that the Atman enters the cave of the Heart and then stays there. But this Atman is that one which started even before the the origin of Universe and it was born off the Tapa and it came before the waters. The concept is that there was Spirit and Water and then the BRAHMAN (nor Brahma) produced the Ishavara and then the ego etc. The word Bhuta could be the Great elements - 5 elements that go in forming the universe - the so called PANCH MAHABHUTA or the Bhuta may mean LIVE THINGS. In any case the Atman is from BRAHMAN and it enters and stays in all the living beings and once one knows that this is the fact then that is what the Nachiket had asked as his question. This Atman is part of or is Brahman and so that does not die.
The origin of the universe is complicated and there are certain principles and all will not agree with it. There is a cycle and at the end of each cycle the entire universe goes in to singularity This singularity has all 2 Gunas and all 5 Mahabhute and also Universal ego and so on. The there is a disturbance in this singularity and from that starts the formation of NEW Universe. So the disturbance is in the 3 Gunas and then the AHANKAR or EGO rises and then there are other changes and the universe is borne. .
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